《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(5): 721-728

五种石蒜属植物的低温耐性研究

薛璟祺^1,*, 只艳玲^1,2,*, 王顺利¹, 彭峰³, 郑玉红³, 张秀新^1,**, 胡凤荣^2,**

¹中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 北京100081; ²南京林业大学风景园林学院, 南京210037; ³江苏省中国科学院植物研究所, 南京210014

通信作者：薛璟祺；E-mail: zhangxiuxin@caas.cn, hufengrong2003@sina.com；Tel: 010-82105944; 025-85427311

摘　要：

本研究测定了5个石蒜属植物(石蒜、忽地笑、换锦花、中国石蒜和长筒石蒜)鳞茎对–5 ℃低温的生理响应。结果表明, 石蒜的耐寒性较好。在此基础上, 以石蒜为试验材料, 研究了不同低温胁迫(4、0、–5和–10 ℃)与露地环境对石蒜植株形态及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明, 在形态方面, 4和0 ℃低温处理对石蒜无明显的作用; –5 ℃处理导致了叶片轻度受冻、萎蔫, 鳞茎也表现为轻微的受冻、失水; –10 ℃处理导致了叶片重度受冻并失水萎蔫, 鳞茎死亡; 露地处理下, 只有叶片出现轻度受冻和失水症状, 鳞茎并未受到显著影响。在生理方面, 4和0 ℃处理的各生理指标均无显著性变化; –5 ℃处理虽对各生理指标有较大影响, 但尚可恢复; –10 ℃持续低温已超过石蒜的低温忍耐极限, 导致了叶片中SOD完全失活, 鳞茎中可溶性蛋白显著升高等变化, 并最终导致了鳞茎完全坏死, 植株死亡; 露地处理表现优于–10 ℃处理, 表明石蒜对非持续的极限低温忍耐程度更强。

关键词：石蒜属; 石蒜; 耐寒性; 生理指标

收稿：2014-12-17   修定：2015-03-12

资助：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(2013-2014)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903008-06)、农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室项目和国家花卉改良中心项目。 * 共同第一作者。

Study on Low Temperture Tolerance of Five Lycoris Plants

XUE Jing-Qi^1,*, ZHI Yan-Ling^1,2,*, WANG Shun-Li¹, PENG Feng³, ZHENG Yu-Hong³, ZHANG Xiu-Xin^1,**, HU Feng-Rong^2,**

¹Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; ²Institute of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; ³Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China

Corresponding author: XUE Jing-Qi; E-mail: zhangxiuxin@caas.cn, hufengrong2003@sina.com; Tel: 010-82105944; 025-85427311

Abstract:

In this study, five Lycoris plants (L. radiata, L. aurea, L. sprengeri, L. chinensis, L. longituba) were used to determine the cold tolerance capacity of –5 ℃. The results showed that L. radiata performed better among the five species. Based on the results, the effects of different low temperatures including 4, 0, –5 and –10 ℃ and natural low temperature on cold resistance of L. radiata were studied in this experiment. The results showed that the morphology under 4 ℃ was roughly identical to that under 0 ℃, and both treatments present no significant changes compared with the control. The leaves became froze and wilted and the bulbs were slightly dehydrated under –5 ℃, while the leaves and bulbs were both dead under –10 ℃. However, the leaves under natural low temperature only appeared slight dehydration and recovered when they were put in greenhouse again, and the low temperature didn’t affect the growing of the bulbs. On the aspect of physiology, there were no significant differences of the plants under 4 and 0 ℃ compared with those of control; the continuous low temperature of –5 ℃ affected the changes of physiological indexes greatly, but could be restored. The low temperature of –10 ℃ had exceeded the tolerance limit, the SOD in the leaves was complete inactivation, the soluble protein in bulbs was increased significantly, and ultimately led to the bulb complete necrosis, plants died. The treatment of open field performed better than that of –10 ℃, showed that the L. radiata had better cold tolerance in non-continuous low temperature conditions.

Key words: Lycoris; Lycoris radiata; cold tolerance; physiological index